The National Institute of Governmental Purchasing defines an emergency purchase as “a purchase made in an exigency (emergency), often made under special procedures, designed to meet the emergency.”¹

Emergencies of one kind or another are the most common situations for which requirements for competitive sealed bidding or competitive sealed proposals may be waived.²Emergencies exist when there is a threat to health, welfare, or safety of the people and/or property.³Although poor planning, overlooked requirements, inaccurate usage history, or inadequate forecasting may cause “emergency situations” and the need for expedited purchasing, these are not bona fide emergencies but poor management.⁴

Purchases under true emergency situations generally may be made without the necessity of following the county’s normal purchasing procedures.  The Tennessee Code Annotated (T.C.A.) provides for emergency purchases in the following statutes:

The County Purchasing Law of 1983 exempts emergency purchases from public advertisement and competitive bidding requirements. The special provision for emergency purchasing is found in T.C.A. § 5-14-204(3).

The County Purchasing Law of 1957 provides for emergency purchasing in T.C.A. § 5-14-110.

The County Financial Management System of 1981 requires that procedures be established for emergency purchases in T.C.A. § 5-21-119 (b)(7).

The County Uniform Highway Law (CUHL) refers to the exemption from public advertisement and competitive bidding requirements in actual emergency purchases arising from unforeseen causes in T.C.A. § 54-7-113 (c)(1)(C).