The Equal Pay Act (29 U.S.C. § 206(d)) is an amendment to the federal Fair Labor Standards Act that prohibits discrimination on the basis of gender in the payment of wages or benefits, where men and women perform work of similar skill, effort and responsibility for the same employer under similar working conditions.

Note that a violation of the Equal Pay Act can be found where a different wage was paid to a person who worked in the same position before or after a person of the opposite sex.